Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) including its objectives, functioning, and outcomes:
Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP)
1. Introduction:
- Launched in 2004 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
- Initially supported by the World Bank.
- Now a key part of India’s public health surveillance system under the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).
2. Objectives:
- Early detection and rapid response to outbreaks of epidemic-prone diseases.
- Strengthen and maintain a surveillance system for communicable and some non-communicable diseases.
- Improve data collection, analysis, and use at all levels.
- Provide training to medical and paramedical staff for epidemic preparedness.
- Integrate surveillance efforts across state, district, and national levels.
3. Functioning:
a. Disease Surveillance:
- Weekly reporting from health workers, doctors, and labs using:
- S-form: Syndromic surveillance (based on symptoms)
- P-form: Presumptive (clinical diagnosis)
- L-form: Laboratory-confirmed cases
b. Information Flow:
- Data is collected at the Primary Health Centre (PHC) level → Block → District → State → Central level (NCDC).
- Online portal and now integrated with the IHIP (Integrated Health Information Platform).
c. Epidemic Detection and Response:
- Early Warning Signals (EWS) are generated when unusual trends are seen.
- Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) are activated to investigate and control the outbreak.
d. Training & Capacity Building:
- Health staff are trained in disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and data analysis.
e. Laboratory Support:
- A network of public health laboratories supports diagnosis and confirmation of diseases.
- Labs are equipped for testing diseases like malaria, dengue, cholera, H1N1, COVID-19, etc.
4. Outcomes & Achievements:
a. Improved Outbreak Detection:
- Timely identification and control of outbreaks like:
- Swine Flu (H1N1)
- COVID-19
- Dengue and Malaria
- Nipah virus
- Acute diarrheal diseases
b. Strengthened Surveillance Network:
- IDSP has established surveillance units in almost all districts of India.
- Supports 24x7 call centers and public health hotlines.
c. Better Data-Driven Policies:
- Helps in planning vaccination drives, vector control, and emergency response.
d. Integration with Digital Platforms:
- Transition to IHIP for real-time disease reporting.
- Uses GIS mapping, mobile apps, and dashboards.
e. International Collaboration:
- Supports India’s commitment to International Health Regulations (IHR 2005).
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